Health Economics

Health economics: Importance and growth, Production and allocative efficiency, distribution, and the production possibilities curve, Health care as an economic good, Wants demand and needs, Production of health and health care, Deciding who gets what in health care, Public health and economic growth.

Factors affecting demand for medical care(economic and non economic), Consumer choice theory: preferences and utility, budget constraints and maximization, Demand functions: Estimating demand functions, price and income elasticity of demand, Modeling choices about health : consumption of health and health care, investment in health care, predictions of the Grossman model, Asymmetry of information and imperfect agency, Aggregate demand for health care, Firms , markets and industries in the health care sector of the economy Structure, conduct and performance in the health care industry ,Profit maximization models: Perfect competition ,monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, Game theory, Goals other than profit maximization: Growth maximization , Behavioral theories of the firm, Utility maximization.

Theory of production: Production function, isoquants, marginal products, substitutability between inputs, production frontier, Multi product firms, Returns to scale, additivity and fixed factors, Costs: costs and productivity, cost functions, economies of scale, short run cost functions, economies of scope, Using perfectly competitive markets to allocate resources: equilibrium  in competitive markets, efficiency of competitive markets, Market failure in health care: externalities, market power, public goods, information imperfections, Government intervention in health care: direct government involvement in the finance and provision of health care, taxes & subsidies, regulations, provision of information, theory of second best, Government failure.

The economic foundations of economic evaluation : cost benefit analysis and cost effectiveness analysis, Economic evaluation applied to health care programmes, Equity in economic analysis, Economic evaluation methods: estimating costs, measurement of health gain, discounting, modeling based economic evaluation, The use of economic evaluation in decision making, Welfarist and non welfarist foundations in economic analysis: welfare economics, the Pareto principle, social welfare functions, the application of welfare economics, non welfarism, link between welfarism and non welfarism.

Uncertainty in health care, Attitude to Risk, Demand for and supply of health insurance, The market for health insurance, Health insurance market failures, Integration between Third – Party payers and health care providers, Options for health care financing, Equity in finance of health care, Equity in distribution.